VII. The Crusades
Cultures in Collision

10. Christianity splits into Latin West & Greek East

• Norman Europe and Turkish Muslims squeeze Greek Byzantium
• Background of the East/West Bifurcation
• The Great Schism (1054): Christian vs. Christian
• Pope increases power at expense of East

11. A Holy War: Political Opportunism, not Idealism

• Gain a Kingdom or Die in battle and Go to Heaven
• Migration of European Peasants
• A Pilgrimage to Jerusalem?

12. The Initial Crusades: A Fight to the Death

• Slaughter in Jerusalem: The First Crusade (1095-99)
• The Cross of Jesus as a military symbol
• Never assimilated, Kingdom of Jerusalem doomed

13. The Emergence of Islam

• Arabs sandwiched between Persia & Byzantium
• Anti-tribal Mohammed establishes Mandate of Heaven
• Tribal gods – Just different Manifestations of One God

14. The Arab’s Biblical connection

• Mohammed, a classic Biblical Prophet
• Arabs: children of Abraham’s slave Hagar
• Jesus’ pacifism has no influence on Christians or Muslims
• Classic Old Testament Anti Polytheism

15. Factors in Islam’s Meteoric Rise

• Everyone included in Mohammed’s Islamic vision
• Islam: a Militant Religion
• Mohammed’s zakat turns Islamic Army into Liberators
• Islam’s Tolerance for all Monotheistic Religions
• Islam: no class system

16. Corruption of Islam

• Persian materialism pollutes Bedouin purity
• Nomad Warrior > Military Aristocracy > Assimilation
• Shiite vs. Sunni Moslems

17. The Rise & Fall of the Seljuk Turks

• Recent Political Converts to Islam
• Fragmentation and Inner Power Struggles
• The Islamic Revival & the King’s Crusade (1189-92)

18. Incessant War based in Warrior Cult, not Religion

• Warrior Rulers lead Countries to War
• Conflict based in Desire for Battle – Not Religious Differences
• Courage? – the highest Warrior Virtue

19. The Fourth: The Banker’s Crusade (1202-04)

• The Rise of the Merchant
• The Multiplication of Crusades
• Islamic Jihads for control – Catholic Crusades for conversion
• Byzantium’s Downfall
• The Church/Banker Alliance & the Fall of the Warrior-King
• The Growing Power of the Pope
• Merchant replaces Warrior in Importance
• Banking & War: A Continuing Relationship

20. Consequences of the Crusades

• The Rise of the Pope & Merchant/Bankers – the Fall of Byzantium & Warrior Kings
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